The question of whether a pregnancy can occur during menstruation often raises questions. Generally, the idea that one cannot become pregnant during this time is widespread, but the reality is a bit more complex. Taking into account the different phases of the menstrual cycle, it is essential to understand under what circumstances a pregnancy might occur at that time and how to avoid surprises.
What is the menstrual cycle?
The menstrual cycle includes a series of physiological changes that the female body undergoes to prepare for a potential pregnancy. This cycle begins on the first day of menstruation and is divided into four main phases: the menstrual phase, the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase, and the luteal phase. Each of these stages plays a fundamental role in the reproductive process.
The menstrual phase
During this phase, the endometrium, lining the uterus, breaks down and is expelled in the form of blood, which corresponds to menstruation and typically lasts between 4 to 7 days. At this point, the absence of a pregnancy is indicated by this process of elimination, which prepares the body for a new cycle.
The follicular phase
The following phase sees an increase in estrogen levels, promoting the regeneration of the endometrium. It is also at this time that the follicle-stimulating hormone is released, stimulating the ovarian follicles so that an egg reaches maturity.
The ovulatory phase
When ovulation occurs, a spike in luteinizing hormone triggers the release of an oocyte. This sex cell can be fertilized by a spermatozoon for about 24 hours, which constitutes the maximum fertility period for a woman.
The luteal phase
This concluding stage of the cycle also prepares the endometrium for potential implantation. If no fertilization has occurred, a new cycle begins with the return of menstruation.
Are there chances of getting pregnant during menstruation?
In theory, a woman should not be fertile during her menstruation as ovulation occurs at a distinct time in the cycle. However, certain factors may make this situation more complex.
Rare cases of pregnancy during menstruation

Sometimes, some women conceive during their period, although this is exceptional. Circumstances such as prolonged menstruation or a short menstrual cycle may facilitate fertilization in rare situations. A resilient spermatozoon could survive long enough in the fallopian tubes to fertilize an oocyte released shortly after menstruation ends.
Confusion between menstruation and metrorrhagia
It is also possible for vaginal bleeding to be confused with menstruation. Metrorrhagia can occur outside of menstrual cycles, and this bleeding may be interpreted as normal menstruation, causing misunderstandings among some women regarding their fertility.
What to do to avoid pregnancy during menstruation?
Although the risks are relatively low during this phase, it is always best to take precautions. Opting for reliable contraception, such as condoms or the pill, can help prevent an unwanted pregnancy during menstruation.
When it comes to conceiving, communication and education on how the body works play a key role. Myths surrounding fertility can lead to misunderstandings, but a better understanding of the cycle and human biology enables more informed choices.
Being passionate about education and child development, I remember a conversation with a friend who was convinced it was impossible to conceive during her period. Surprisingly, she became pregnant during this time, which sparked much discussion on the topic in our circle of friends. It’s fascinating to see how medicine and biology can sometimes challenge our deepest beliefs.