Ovarian torsion is a rare but serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. It occurs when one of the ovaries undergoes an abnormal rotation, which can cause intense pain and serious complications if not treated in time. This guide examines the underlying causes of this phenomenon, the associated symptoms that may alert a woman, as well as possible therapeutic approaches to remedy it.
What is ovarian torsion?
Ovarian torsion is defined as an unusual movement where the ovary twists on itself, often accompanied by a twist of the fallopian tube. This situation interrupts the blood supply essential to the health of the organ. Women of childbearing age, especially those aged 20 to 30, are more likely to suffer from this problem. The ovary is suspended by ligaments, and the torsion may also involve these structures, further complicating the situation.
Causes of ovarian torsion
Several factors can lead to ovarian torsion. One of the main culprits is the change in hormone levels, particularly at the beginning of pregnancy or following hormonal treatments in assisted reproductive technology (ART). A cyst or a tumor on the ovary can also cause a deformity that contributes to the torsion. Dermoid cysts, due to their significant size, are particularly problematic. They can lead to what is called ovarian rotation, resulting in a torsion that requires urgent medical attention.
Symptoms of ovarian torsion
The signs indicating ovarian torsion are often alarming. Among the most frequently reported symptoms are:
- Abdominal and pelvic pain, often perceived as cramps for several days.
- A sharp and intense pain in the lower abdomen, described by some women as a “stabbing” sensation.
- Nausea and vomiting, which may occur simultaneously.
- Fatigue, fever, or vaginal bleeding.
When one of these symptoms manifests, it is crucial to consult a doctor quickly to establish a diagnosis and avoid serious complications.
Available diagnostics for ovarian torsion
To confirm ovarian torsion, various examinations such as Doppler ultrasound are often performed. This examination allows visualization of blood flow to the ovaries, essential to determine if the organ is receiving enough oxygen. Additionally, a transvaginal ultrasound may be conducted to examine the condition of the ovaries more closely and to search for potential cysts. Blood tests also help monitor any tumor markers, especially if a cyst is suspected.
Treatments for ovarian torsion
The treatment for ovarian torsion generally requires surgical intervention. Two main methods are employed:
Laparoscopy
This technique involves making small abdominal incisions to insert a camera and perform the untwisting of the ovary. This type of intervention is generally less invasive and allows for quicker recovery.
Laparotomy
In more severe cases, a larger opening of the abdomen will be necessary. This operation may be performed to remove a large cyst or if the ovary is already necrotic. Generally, this method leads to a longer hospital stay.
Potential complications of ovarian torsion
If not addressed quickly, ovarian torsion can have serious consequences, including causing necrosis of the ovary. This can occur within a few days due to lack of blood circulation. Intense pain, accompanied by symptoms such as nausea or bleeding, should be taken seriously immediately. It is imperative to listen to one’s body and not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional.
This condition, although rare, requires great vigilance. In cases of doubts or concerning symptoms, health must take precedence. Let’s take care of our bodies and respond quickly to warning signs.
